The PCM uses the TPS feedback to help work out the %age load on the engine. It's quite important as it has an influence on fueling and timing, the system should go to limp mode which is why it has a severe rev restriction, if it's an auto, it may lock that into a mid range gear as well.
If it was mine and desperate I'd use it to drive 5 to 10 miles, it's unlikely to cause damage due to the limp mode and other sensors giving info but it's your truck, your risk and your cash.
Carb cleaner? I can't think of what influence that would have on an external, sealed sensor unless your throttle was sticking open, which is not a TPS fault.
The MIL should turn off after a few trips if the fault is rectified, the code will remain in the PCM for longer.
Take a look at my post yesterday on 'Reset TCM', it has some relevance to this.